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' (No Model.) a SheetsSheet 1..

J. 0. KEYS & 0. L. PAGENHART. SMOKB AND GAS CONSUMER. FOR FURNACES.

No. 542,933. Paten ed July 16, 1895.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. G. KEYS & O. L., PAGENHART. SMOKE AND GASQONSUMBR FOR FURNmEs;

No. 542,933. Patented Ju1y 16, 189 5.

jqmels C. We 5, Z L Ymgemhm'fi (No-Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. C. KEYS& G. L. PAGENHART. SMOKE AND GAS CONSUMER FOR FURNACES.

Patented July lfi a W a 1 Wm C? L M u UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JAMES C. KEYS, OF BLAOKVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND OHARLES L. 4

PAGENHART, OF AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.

SMOKE AND GAS CONSUMER FO R FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 542,933, dated uly 16,1895. Application filed February 23,1895. Serial No. 539,498. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JAMES C. KEYS, residing at Blackville, in thecounty of Barnwell and State of South Carolina, and CHARLES L.PAGENHART, residing at Augusta, in the county of Richmond and State ofGeorgia, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Smoke and GasOonsumers for Furnaces; and we dohereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in smoke and gas consumers forfurnaces.

The object of the invention is to effect the complete combustion andutilization of practically the entire amount of fuel fed to a furnace,together with the gases and coaldust, the latter usually escaping fromthe furnace in the form of a dense black smoke, such consumption of theentire body of fuel resulting in an increase in the volume of heatIunitsfor a given bulk of fuel, with a proportionate gain in the output ofpower; furthermore, to effect the complete combustion of gases liberatedand resulting from the combustion of fuel in the usual burning thereof,which gases would otherwise escape unutilized; furthermore, to providemeans for introducingsuperheated steam, together with heated air, intothe furnace at a point to effect the complete consumption of theliberated gases; furthermore, to provide a furnace with an arch havingair-ducts therethrough constructed at their outletin such a manner as topresent a broad sheet of heated air and superheated steam, the escapefrom the fines being such as to prevent interference with the draft fromthe grate-bars; furthermore, to provide a furnace with a fluearch havinga steam-supply connected therewith, and means operated by the openingand closing of the furnace-door to regulate the supply of steam and airto the arch; furthermore,'to provide a furnace with an arch having aseries of air-inlets arranged adjacent to its point of contact with theflue-sheet or the boiler, and also side drafts, whereby the draftthrough the grate-bars will not be closed-that is to say, the heaviestdraft will not be at the point farthest removed from thefiue-sheet-which would be the fact if the.

flue-arch closely fitted against the side of the fire-box and theflue-sheet, and, finally, in various novel details of construction of asmoke and gas consumer, as will be hereinafter fully described.

In constructing a smoke and gas consumer in accordance with ourinvention we provide a series of hollow arch-tiles constructedpreferably of a refractory material, such as firebrick, and supported inany preferred manner within the fire-box. The openings through all thetiles, with the exception of the rear one, are arranged, by preference,in parallel lines; but the openings in the rear tile diverge from theirfront end and open into a transverse slot or recess on the upper side ofthe said tile. The inner face of the slot or recess is beveled or cutaway to form a flaring mouth, the function of which is to direct theincoming steam and air in a curved line toward the flue-sheet, so as notto interrupt or conflict with the direct draft coming through thefire-door and through the grate-bars.

As a matter of further improvement, we provide a steam-supply for thearch-flue, comprising, in this'instance, a transversepipe having aseries of jet-orifices or jet-nozzles, one for each of the openings inthe arch-flue, supplying steam to the whole from a pipe tapped into thesteam-dome. If desired, the supply of steam to the arch-flue may beregulated by hand by an engineer or fireman; but as a matter of specificimprovement we provide an automatic device for regulating the supply ofsteam to the arch-flue, such device being controlled by thefire-door-that is, by its opening and its closing.

Further and specific details of construction will be fully pointed outin the specification.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specifiation, and inwhich like letters of reference indicate corresponding 9 parts, we haveillustrated one form of embodiment of our invention applied to severaldifferent forms of furnaces and boilers, it being understood that otherembodiments may be employed without departing from the spirit wethereof. r v

In the drawings, Figure 1 1s a View in sectional elevation of the rearportion of a locomotive-boiler, showing the arch-tiles suitablysupported within the fire-box by means of arch-pipes, the ends of whichopen into the water-space ofthe boiler to permit of a circulation ofwater therethrough to prevent burning away of the pipes. Fig. 2 is aplan in horizontal section, looking in the direction of the arrow, Fig.1, showing more particularly the manner in which the arch-tiles aredisposed within the firebox. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing theinvention applied to a return-flue tubular boiler, the arch-tiles inthis instance being supported on a foundation approximately in the sameplane with the grate-bars, with the rear arch-tile projecting upward atan angle to the remaining tiles and forming a deflector which operatesto prevent the too rapid escape of the heated products of combustionfrom the grate-bars. Fig. t is a view in sectional elevation showing thearch-tiles applied to a vertical boiler. Fig. 5 is a View in elevationof the rear portion of a locomotiveboiler, showing the mechanism forautomatically opening and closing the steam-pipe leading to thearchtiles. Fig. 6 is a perspective detail View of the front arch-tile,showing the same provided with a series of draft openings or recessesand also the flues through which the steam and heated air pass to thefire-box. Fig. 7 is a similar view of the rear arch-tile, showing moreparticularly the discharge-mouth and its peculiar contour; and Fig. 8 isa horizontal sectional view through the rear arch-tile, showing thedisposition and arrangement of the fines through the same. Referring tothe drawings, and to Figs. 1 and 2-thereof, A designates the fire-box ofan ordinary locomotive-boiler, provided with the usual grate-bars a,fire-door a and steamdome a Arranged within the fire-box are thearch-tiles B, which are held in the proper position by means ofarch-pipes O, which latter open at their ends into the water'space ofthe boiler, so as to permit of a circulation of water through the pipesto prevent their rapid burning away.

The arch-tiles B are provided each with a series of flue-openings orconduits b, the openings of the front end of the front tile b beingengaged by hollow stay-bolts a which not only serve to retain the saidtile in operative position, but also serve as a flue for the passage ofatmospheric air to the arch. The front tile 0 is further provided at itsfront side and between the flue-openings b with a series of slots orrecesses 12 which are designed to permit of the passage of draft betweenthe front tile and the flue-sheet, thereby operating to effect anequalization of the draft within the fire-box, so that a portion of theheated productions of combustion will be permitted to pass against theflue-sheet and between the front tile. The rear tile 21 has its openingsgradually enlarged from front to rear, as clearly shown in Fi 8, and ata point slightly removed from the rear wall the flue openings merge intoa common opening I), which forms a discharge-mouth extendingtransversely nearly across the tile. The rear wall I) of the mouth isstraight, and the front wall 12 is beveled outward, thereby forming anapproximately flaring mouth, with the flared portion extending towardthe fluesheet, such construction causing the heated products which passthrough the arch-tiles to be deflected in a forward direction toward thefines, and thereby prevent any conflictor interruption of the incomingdraft from the fire-door and from the grate-bars, which would inevitablyresult if the heated products passing through the arch-tiles wereprojected in a straight line therefrom.

In order to accomplish athorough and rapid consumption of the liberatedgases within the fire-box without any possibility of their escapethrough the fines to the smoke-stack, we provide, in conjunction withthe air-supply, a superheated steam-supply, which enters the fire-boxwith the air-supply and produces a combustion analogous to orapproximately the same as that produced by an oxyhydrogen flame. This iseffected by introducing steam through the agency of jet-nozzles D, whichenter the hollow stay-bolts a and supply dry steam through a pipe (1from the steam-dome a. As the arch-tiles are heated to incandescencewhen the engine is in operation, it follows that the steam in contactingwith the intensely-heated walls of the arch-tiles is decomposed into itsconstituent elements and supplies hydrogen with the incoming oxygen ofthe air to form an intense heat at the discharge-mouth of the arch-tile.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the supply of steam to the jet-nozzle isregulated by means of an ordinary globe-valve d but in order to renderthe operation of the steam-supply automatic, so that it will onlyoperate when the engine is under way, at which time an induced draftthrough the arch-tiles is necessary, we extend the pipe 61 through thecab of the locomotive down in front of the fire-box to a point near thefire-door, and then bend it at right angles and extend it-in the mannershown in Fig. 2 to the arch-tiles. At a point upon the lower limb of thepipe (1 and at a point contiguous to the door we locate a valve d havingits valve-stem projected outward through the casing of the valve and ina position to be engaged by an offset or lugc on the fire-door E. Theport of the valve is so arranged that the valve is unseated when thedoor is closed, and thereby permits of the passage of the steam from thesteam-dome to the arch-tiles; but immediately upon the release of thedoor, either for the purpose of supplying fresh coal to the furnace orwhen the engine is stopped, the pressure of the steam drives the valveto its seat, and thereby shuts off the supply of steam to thearch-tiles. In this manner the steamis automatically ICC IIC

regulated'to the arch-tiles and requires no attention from either thefireman or the engineer.

The manner of operating the valve shown in Fig. 5 is a simple andefifective one; but it is to be understood that other means may beemployed for accomplishing the same result, and as such modification inthe manner of operating the valve is obvious any further illustration ofthe embodiment of the idea is thought to be unnecessary. It is alsoobvious that, if desired, instead of supplying steam under pressure fromthe dome to the lines in the arch-tiles air under pressure from theairbrakes, or from other source under pressure, may be employed in someinstances and be found to answer the requirements of the case.

In Fig. 3 we have shown the arch-tiles in connection with a return-fluetubular boiler, and astheir construction and operation, with theexception of the arrangement of the archtiles, which are arranged on ahorizontal foundation F, are the same as that shown in Fig. 1 furtherdescription is thought to be unnecessary.

In Fig. 4 the arch-tiles are shown applied to a vertical boiler. In thiscase the tiles are made to form a truncated cone suitably supported uponlugs 01. within the fire-box. The steam or air under pressure, ifpreferred, is

supplied to the flues in the same manner as that described in connectionwith Fig. 1.

By having the discharge-mouth of the rear tile in the form of a slot amuch larger and consequently more effective flame can be produced thanif the steam and heated air were projected through a series ofindividual flues. In other words, the mouth operates somewhat in thenature of a mixing or equalizing chamber, so that the pressure isuniform within the rear tile and the flame of equal intensity throughits area, whereas if the heated products were projected from theindividual flues the flames thereof would not be of equal intensity,owing to irregularity in the supply'of air and steam. Moreover, thespace between the individual jets would permit of the escape of certainof the gases and of the dust; but by projecting a flame in a continuoussheet in the manner described the escape of the gases and of the dust ispractically impossible.

To prevent condensation the steam-supply pipes passing to the arch-fluemay be covered with suitable non-conductive material.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. A smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, comprising a hollow arch-fluehaving a series of conduits and a discharge mouth into which all theconduits open, said mouth operating to deflect the products ofcombustion toward the flue-sheet, substantially as described.

2. A smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, comprising an arch-flue havinga series of conduits and a transversely arranged dischargemouth intowhich the conduits open, in combinationwith means for supplying steam toeach of the conduits substantially as described.

3. A smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, comprising an arch-flue havinga series of conduits and a transversely arranged dischargemouth intowhich the conduits open, in combinationwith a steam-supplying deviceconnecting with-the flue, and automatically operating mechanism forcontrolling the feed of steam to the flue, substantially as described.

4. A smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, comprising a hollow arch-fluehaving its front end provided with a series of draft-openings arrangednext to the flue-sheet, and its rear portion with a transverselyarranged discharge-mouth, substantially as described.

5. In a smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, an arch-flue havinga seriesof conduits extending from the front to a point near the rear thereofand opening into a transversely arranged discharge-mouth, the front wallof the said mouth being curved toward the fluesheet, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a smoke and gas consumer for fur naces, a hollow arch-flue havingits front end provided with a series of draft-openings arranged next tothe flue-sheet, and its rear end with a discharge-mouth located in theupper face of the flue and extending transversely across the same,substantially as described.

7. In a smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, an arch flue havingaseriesof conduits, a series of draft openings at its front end between theconduits and next to the flue'sheet, anda discharge-mouth on 'the upperface of its rear portion, substantially as described.

8. In a smoke and gas consumer for furnaces, the combination with theflue-sheet of a boiler, of an arch flue having a series of conduits, aseries of draft openings at its front end between the conduits next tothe fluesheet, and through which draft from the firebox is free to pass,and a discharge-mouth on the upper face of its rear portion,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we afflx our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES C. KEYS. CHARLES L. PAGENHART.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. WALKER, WALKER REED.

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